Medieval Period in European History - 1575 Words

Introduction The medieval period in European history begins after the fall of the Roman Empire around 500 C.E., and continued until the early modern period beginning around 1500. The medieval period is split into the sub-categories of early medieval (500-1000), central middle ages (1000-1300), late medieval (1300-1500), and followed by the early modern period (1500-1800). At each of these periods of time important political, economic, social, cultural, religious and scientific changes were being made in Western Europe. Early Medieval The collapse of the Roman Empire led to the emergence of three successor civilizations; Byzantium, Islam, and Western Europe. The absence of a strong central government led Western Europeans landowners†¦show more content†¦Elites would provide higher ranking nobles with feudal obligations of warriors, food, and/or animals in return for their protection or use of the land. After the schism in 1054 with the Byzantine emperor, Christianity was divided into Western Catholic and Eastern Orthodoxy sects. Urban masses began to challenge the authority of the church claiming that it no longer addressed the needs of the urban public. Heretics, like the Cathars and Albigensians, came into existence and spoke out about church wealth and believed in a dualistic theology. In response, the church instituted monastic reforms against worldliness and complacency within its ranks. In 1122, the power of the Papacy began to expand with the Concordat of Worms which was a compromise between the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor over lay investiture. Also during this time, the Crusades played an important role in occupying professional soldiers. After the Byzantine emperors plea for help to Pope Urban II crusading forces were assembled and traveled to the Holy Land. Over the next hundred years they would be four crusades with the first crusade being the most successful and the fourth crusade forever splitting Western Catholic church and the Eastern Orthodox church. As the central middle ages came to an end France and England evolved into centralized states, while the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor were fighting each other. During this period, an important document was drafted by the English inShow MoreRelatedHow Truth Was Defined By Medieval Europeans1696 Words   |  7 PagesEric Green Urban British Literature 1st 3 December 2015 How Truth Was Defined By Medieval Europeans In life majority of people believe telling the truth is the correct way of living. Truth has endured the world throughout time and is seemingly unanswerable to those who do not understand it because this subject appears in every culture. Truth goes along with universal questions such as what is beauty, justice, and power. And love but none have a direct answer because they are all dependent onRead MoreMedieval Armor: Greatest Invention in European History715 Words   |  3 PagesMedieval Armor, Greatest Invention in European History When someone thinks of a knight, what do they picture? They may picture someone in iron clad with a giant sword and shield on his trusty steed. However, it was not always this way. Medieval armor is what knights used in the Middle Ages. The Middle Ages, also known as the Medieval Era, lasted from the 5th to 15th century. During this time, there was an arms race going on which was snowballing and becoming more intricate. The 15th century wasRead MoreSimilarities Between Medieval Japan And Medieval Europe812 Words   |  4 PagesComparison Essay- Shogunate Japan and Medieval Europe When people think of â€Å"Medieval†, they often relate this to Europe. However, there was once a Medieval Japan too, and this time stretched from 1185-1868 CE. During this period, Shoguns ruled Japan, and they defined it as â€Å"Medieval† because, just like Europe society in Japan at this time was feudal in structure. Medieval Europe lasted from the 5th to the 15th century, and was often referred to as Christendom, because most civilians were ChristiansRead MoreTo What Extent Is the Term Renaissance a Valid Concept for a Distinct Period in Early Modern European History?623 Words   |  3 Pagesdistinct period in early modern European history? During the 14th to 17th century, a new golden age emerged. This age was characterized the Renaissance. Led by northern Italian cities, the Renaissance was fundamentally by economic growth, as Europeans sought to achieve higher standards of intellect. The Renaissance marked the beginning of Modern history. It subsequently revived their socio cultural achievements, developing ideas of individualism, humanism, and secularism for a distinct period in modernRead MoreEmotion And Devotion : The Meaning Of Mary Medieval Religious Cultures Essay1508 Words   |  7 Pagesthe major arguments that Miri Rubin presents in her book Emotion and Devotion: The Meaning of Mary in Medieval Religious Cultures. Rubin’s book is divided into three chapters which are: The Global â€Å"Middle Ages;† Mary, and Others; and Emotions and Selves. In each of these chapters, Rubin explores a particular topic that she thinks is important when trying to understand the figure of Mary in medieval religiou s cultures. I will begin this paper by drawing out the main arguments that are offered in eachRead MoreCharacteristic Features of the Middle Ages Essay750 Words   |  3 Pages Also called the middle ages, the medieval ages were influential in European history. It dates between the 5th and the 15th centuries of european history. The beginning of the period was marked by the collapse of Rome while its end was marked by the end of Renaissance. The Roman Empire’s fall bringing forth an idea of uniting Europe in what was called Christendom, this was based on the beliefs of the church. Features such as migration of people, invasions, population distribution, and deurbanizationRead MoreSuppressed Darkness On The Medieval Mind Map1582 Words   |  7 PagesSuppressed Darkness on the Medieval Mind Map William Manchester’s A World Lit Only By Fire: The Medieval Mind and the Renaissance unveils an in- depth look at the Late Medieval Ages in Europe and touches upon the Renaissance. It is most well known as the time period that occurred after the fall of the Roman Empire- when the eastern world seemed to have plummeted into an age of regression and darkness. Manchester’s central proposition was â€Å"The power of the medieval mind had been irrevocably broken†Read MoreThe Importance Of The Crusades788 Words   |  4 Pagesturning points in history improved certain empires throughout time. Major turning points such as wars in European history influenced how they work to support their own empire. The Crusades and the Encounter were major turning points in history because they changed Europe socially and economically. The Crusades changed daily routines in European empires and brought changes that would have impact in the future. The Crusades, a holy war, was a conflict between Christians in Medieval Europe and MuslimsRead MoreNational Identity Over the Course of Time: Peter Sahlins Essay972 Words   |  4 PagesCommunities throughout history have always sought to define who they are as a collective whole. Over the course of time, it was this that helped bind nations together through a collective sense of national identity and belonging. Although there are some set definitions that people use to define who collectively are, such as their own language and national history, this is not the only explanation of how groups of people have conceived who they are. In reality, communities have primarily conceivedRead MoreCity, Church, And The Empire1627 Words   |  7 PagesEmpire Many often depict medieval Europe as times of kings, knights, and epic battles that end in great bloodshed and loss. While these things are true, the medieval Europe was much more than that. It was a time of controversy, strong and terrible leaders in politics as well as the church, and many changes in population and how the Europeans structured their societies. Writers and historians throughout this time period produced many works that told of the events in medieval Europe. A few overarching

Essay about Recurring Themes in 19th Century Russian...

Just to the east of riotous, industrialising Western Europe sat Imperial Russia, pendent between tradition and modernity, a vast empire of duality. As if trying to vent her frustrations, 19th century Russia produced a selection of historys finest writers; each writer packing their work with themes of duplicity, hope, and heavy social criticism. Duality was the cardinal theme for Imperial Russia. 19th century Russia was a peasant-filled, agrarian empire rushed through the gawky adolescence of industrialisation. The serfs were only freed in 1861, and by 1900 around 2.3 million Russians worked inside factories: in a century, Russia had moved from a feudal system of serfdom to the shores of modernity. A theme of duplicity was carried†¦show more content†¦Svidrigailov has a propensity for vulgarity (#171;...#1080; #1086;#1089;#1086;#1073;#1077;#1085;#1085;#1086;, #1077;#1089;#1083;#1080; #1082; #1090;#1086;#1084;#1091; #1080; #1085;#1072;#1090;#1091;#1088;#1072;#1083;#1100;#1085;#1086; #1089;#1082;#1083;#1086;#1085;#1085;#1086;#1089;#1090;#1100; #1080;#1084;#1077;#1077;#1096;#1100;...#187;), a philosophical devotion, all-conquering devotion to rationalism (even when he rapes Dounia, Svidrigailov remains rational and emotionless to the end: #171;#1044;#1072; #1080; #1085;#1077; #1087;#1086;#1074;#1077;#1088;#1080;#1090; #1074;#1072;#1084; #1085;#1080;#1082;#1090;#1086;...#1090;#1072;#1082; #1095;#1090;#1086;, #1077;#1089;#1083;#1080; #1076;#1072;#1078;#1077; #1080; #1073;#1088;#1072;#1090;#1086;#1084; #1087;#1086;#1078;#1077;#1088;#1090;#1074;#1091;#1077;#1090;#1077;, #1090;#1086; #1080; #1090;#1091;#1090; #1085;#1080;#1095;#1077;#1075;#1086; #1085;#1077; #1076;#1086;#1082;#1072;#1078;#1077;#1090;#1077;: #1085;#1072;#1089;#1080;#1083;#1080;#1077; #1086;#1095;#1077;#1085;#1100; #1090;#1088;#1091;#1076;#1085;#1086; #1076;#1086;#1082;#1072;#1079;#1072;#1090;#1100;,Show MoreRelatedAnalysis of Leo Tolstoy and His Work How Much Land Does a Man Need?2543 Words   |  11 PagesHow Much Land Does A Man Need?, by Leo Tolstoy was influenced by his life and times. Leo Tolstoy encountered many things throughout his life that influenced his works. His life itself influenced him, along with poverty, greed and peasant days in 19th century Russia. br brTolstoys eventful life impacted his works. Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy was born into a family of aristocratic landowners in 1828 at the family estate at Yasnaya Polyana, a place south of Moscow. His parents died in the 1930s whenRead MoreA Marxist View Of Crime And Punishment. Dostoevsky’S Crime1881 Words   |  8 PagesPunishment has a recurring Marxist theme where Raskolnikov becomes a proletarian leader driven by the famous idea of Nietzschean, ubermensch ideology. Although, in comparison to Nietzsche’s major philosophy of a Napoleonic will to rule, Dostoevsky reforms his characters with Christian forgiveness. This essay is showing the analyzation of Crime and Punishment as if it were a Marxist piece of literature that shows the exclusion of the lower class in Saint Petersburg, Russia in the 19th century. ThroughoutRead MoreEssay on Like water for chocolate6961 Words   |  28 Pagesmiddle of the 19th century (when scientific objectivity became â€Å"vogue†), the influence of many social forces caused aesthetic taste to change from romantic idealism to realism. Many writers felt that romantics—with their focus on the spiritual, the abstract, and the ideal—were being dishonest about life as it really was. The realists felt they had an ethical responsibility to be honest. To show life as it should be in order to show life â€Å"as it is,† the body of realist literature tends to eschewRead MoreVictorian Novel9605 Words   |  39 Pagesnineteenth century. However, if there is one transcending aspect to Victorian England life and society, that aspect is change. Nearly every institution of society was affected by rapid and unforeseeable changes.  As some writers greeted them with fear and others embraced the progress, this essay will guide a reader through an important era in English literary history and introduce with the voices that influenced its shape and development. It was the novel that was the leading form of literature in theRead MoreScientific Management2246 Words   |  9 Pagesprecise procedures developed after careful study of an individual at work. Its application is contingent on a high level of managerial control over employee work practices. Taylorism is a variation on the theme of efficiency; it is a late 19th and early 20th century instance of the larger recurring theme in human life of increasing efficiency, decreasing waste, and using empirical methods to decide what matters, rather than uncritically accepting pre-existing ideas of what matters. Thus it is a chapterRead MorePostmodernism and the Simpsons10775 Words   |  44 PagesAlthough postmodernism is a notoriously difficult term to generalize, there are several common features which can be said to characterize postmodern art forms. Intertextuality is a prominent aspect in many postmodern art forms, in which works of art or literature frequently refer to each other through parody or pastiche. In the case of parody, a work is imitated with playful satire, whereas pastiche openly imitates a work in order to make use of its original style. Self-reflexivity also characterizes manyRead MoreLeadership Development Model Of Bass And Avolio9476 Words   |  38 PagesCH APTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 2.0 INTRODUCTION Hayward (2005) pointed out that the studies on leadership have been ongoing as far back as early 1900. This is prompted by the fact that man has always sought to answer what is it about a leader that distinguishes him or her from another leader, what it is about an individual that makes him or her a leader, why do some leaders fail and why do some other leaders excel etc. In attempt to provide answers to these questions, several leadership theories andRead MoreAn Analysis of H.G. Wells’ Short Stories â€Å"Mr Skelmersdale in Fairyland†, â€Å"the Door in the Wall† and â€Å"a Dream of Armageddon†14742 Words   |  59 Pagesthey are? What if the dreams were something more? What if we could realise those dreams and go into them? As a writer of the late 19th, early 20th century, Herbert George Wells (1866-1946) was immensely productive, and published a multitude of short stories, novels and scientific as well as political essays. Unlike many authors of his t ime, Wells did not keep to one theme but produced stories of different genres. He wrote fairy tales, science fiction, fantasy novels and realistic novels, and some timesRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesscholars and students of organization theory. Henk W. Volberda, Chair of the Department of Strategic Management Business Environment and Vice-Dean of the RSM Erasmus University, Netherlands At last, a text that brings organization theory into the 21st century! This is the first organization theory textbook to provide full and informed coverage of a range of contemporary developments in the field. Notably, it includes diverse contributions to organization theory made by critical management studies. It reallyRead MoreCase Study148348 Words   |  594 Pagesinform class discussion on the issues. A ‘case based’ course uses a series of case studies as the backbone of the course. Classes then focus on the issues raised by the cases. Here it makes s ense to choose the cases to focus on particular issues or themes. The case version of the book provides an extensive choice of cases that can be used for this purpose. It should then be expected that students a) do recommended pre- reading from the text and b) apply that reading to their preparation of the cases

Ethical Issues in Nursing Free Essays

Critical Thinking Critical Thinking Critical Thinking is based on clever thinking that is focused on deciding what to believe or do. Critical thinking is an analytical thinking that’s help in order to solve problems which occur on an everyday basic. Understanding how to figure out a resolution in order to solve a problem is a very great technique in all areas of life. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical Issues in Nursing or any similar topic only for you Order Now Which is helpful in everyday living, for example school. While attending college I’ll be taking classes in order to become a Register nurse. This gives me an opportunity to use my thinking skills in new ways. Also critical thinking will help me to have a better view and understanding of material and the capability to perform and succeed in classes. Having the knowledge of critical thinking can help in many different careers. As for nursing, critical thinking plays a very important part in your work. Problem solving and decision making are two of the most essential common thinking processes used in nursing. So it’s very important to identify facts and evidence from opinions keeping a open mind while being a creative problem solver. For example, I use to work at this nursing home and we were having issues with not knowing if residents were having bowel movements. My director of nursing was trying to come up with an idea on what to do. That when I got an idea a BM chart! I had to think it out before I presented it to my director. Finally when I had it all fine points I presented it to her and it worked. That made me believe you can success by staying focus and open minded. You have to try new things in order to see what works. If you don’t try it you will never know. Remember to challenge all information unless it provides you with facts and evidences. Ethical Behavior Ethical behavior is a standard I hold for myself honesty and accountability, and how you treat others in all walked of life. Like the golden rule you treat other as you want to be treated. I live by that rule I do people like I want to be done. I feel like you get further in life having a positive attitude toward others. As for me I work in a hospital so that rule really applies. I’m dealing with all kinds of people, sicknesses and even death. This helps me to relate and have a better understanding toward the patients, families and coworker feeling. Even companies have ethical behavior that’s expected of you and what’s not when hiring an employee. Reflection Reflecting back over the steps it took me in order to write this paper. First off I was totally unsure about what I wanted to write, so I then began to think about the word critical thinking and what it means. That’s when I began to jock things down that I wanted to write in my paper. Finally I got me a cup of coffee sat in front of my computer and began typing. Last but not least I’ve been proof reading over and over, adding and subtracting words and sentences until I had my final essay. Quote â€Å"In order to get the most out of life, everyone needs to develop rational life plan that â€Å"would be chosen by him with full deliberative rationality, that is, with full awareness of the relevant facts and after a careful consideration of the consequences. ( Rawls, 1929-2002, p. 13) Reference Boss, A. J. (2012). Think critical thinking and logic skills for everyday (2nd ed. ). New York: New York. How to cite Ethical Issues in Nursing, Essay examples

Marketing Communication Communication Objectives and Awareness

Question: Describe about the Marketing Communication for Communication Objectives and Awareness. Answer: Introduction This report is basically about the integrated marketing communication plan of a company. The report will mainly be focused on the products of the company, target market, communication objective i.e. brand awareness, integrated marketing communication etc, creative strategy for communication plan, designing massage and media strategy, budgeting of the plan and evaluation of overall strategy. For the valuation and communication plan, the company Blackmore Limited has been taken. The company Blackmore limited is the famous company of Australia which manufactures diet and vitamin supplements. The company is basically situated in the Australia but now it is working many countries across the world (Blackmore, 2013). The report is focused on developing the integrated marketing communication plan for the company Blackmore limited. In present time, the market of the Blackmore Limited is decreasing so; this marketing communication plan will help the company to increase its marketing strategy. For developing the communication plan, the current situation of the company has been analyzed. The current situation the market of the company will be helpful to create an effective communication plan (Ibis world, 2016). Companys background Blackmore is the famous company of Australia which manufactures the vitamin supplements and Dietary supplements. In current time, the company is working in many countries across the world. The main product of the company is vitamin supplements but it also manufactures Dietary supplements. The products of the company are famous among the people of Australia. The company is working from last 80 years and it is the oldest company of vitamin and dietary supplements. The products of the company are very popular and the company is most trusted company among the people of the Australia. The prices of the products are not too high and it is affordable for every person. Customer directly deals with the warehouses of the company (Sullivan, 2012). There is a high competition in the market for vitamin supplements. There are many companies in Australian market such as Natures way, Swisse, Cenovis Berocca etc who are also providing vitamin and dietary supplements in the market. These are also very famous companies of vitamin supplements in the Australian market. According to a report, it was published that Blackmore limited had covered around 20% of Australian market and it had got first position in this industry but after some time, the company fell down at second position and had targeted 17% of total Australian market (Retail World, 2011). There are many competitors who are trying to come on the first position. According to the one survey in 2014, the Blackmore Limited is the most trusted company among the people of the Australia. The company has targeted 76.5% customers in the Australia and along with Australia, the company has covered more countries i.e. Thailand, Malaysia, New Zealand and other countries in Asia region ((Re tail World, 2014). Target audiences The main target market of the company Blackmore Limited is the youth who are between the ages of 26 to 34. The reason of targeting youth is that the youths are the main pillar of the society. They need energy because they have a full time job and they face pressure in their work. So, they want to stay healthy and fit. They are very concerned for their health so it is easy to convince them for purchasing vitamin and dietary supplements. Along with this, company targets on the female consumers because the ration of female consumers is higher than the male consumers in purchasing vitamin supplements. Company focuses on behavioral segmentation because once the consumers recognize the quality of products then they always give preference those products because of the quality and the brand. Consumers always have a psychological mindset to search for such products which can give them stability. So, Blackmore always tries to provide good quality in its products. Communication objectives Based on the current situation and target market it has been observed that the position of the company is good in market but it has decreased from the previous years. The company has covered most of the market in Australia and it is mainly operating in the Australian market so, company needs o develop an effective strategy to stay competitive in the market. The Blackmore is most trusted brand among the Australian customers but it has been observed that the market position of the company is decreasing continuously. The reason of this decrement is that the company has not prepared its marketing strategy properly. From the survey reports, it can be seen that there is much competition in the Australian market for vitamin supplements and competitors are making effective market strategy to stay competitive in the market. So, the Blackmore should also focus on its marketing strategy and the effective communication plan to stay competitive in the market (Epstein Yuthas, 2007). Based on the situation of the Blackmore Company, the communication objectives of the company can be as follows: At the end of the year, most of the Australian market should be covered by the company with its products i.e. vitamin and dietary supplements. The targeted customer should consider the products of the company for some benefit. This objective can be achieved by the gathering information of products and services. Most of the market should prefer the products of the company. The success of this goal can be achieved by increasing effectiveness of the products. Company should attract new customers who never used the products of the Blackmore Limited. The objective can be achieved by the increasing brand awareness among the customers. The advertisement should be done and different offers should be provided by the company to attract the new customers (Duncan Moriarty, 1997). Last objective should be the starting of new pet care products in the market. For targeting the customers for new products, advertisement with repetitive message should be performed by the company (Stolk, n.d.). The above discussed communication objectives should be placed by the company for the next year to get its first position in the Australian market. Creative strategy Creative strategy refers to the strategy which identifies that what information should be provided to the customers by the advertising of the messages. For the advertisement of the products, there should be an effective tagline which could focus the attention of the customers. The tagline of the products of company Blackmore should be stay healthy, stay strong for the campaign because this tagline suits the communication objectives. This tagline will be helpful to attract new customers and retaining the existing customers. The aim of the campaign is to increase the brand awareness of the products of the Blackmore limited. This campaign will be helpful to increase the brand image of the company. The company will be able to cover more market by this campaign. The target market of this campaign will be the people more than the age of 20 who mostly use the vitamin and dietary supplements (Kotler Keller (2005). Design message Designing the message, the information about the company will be included in the campaign. Along with this, details of the products and specialty of the products will also be included in the campaign. For the new pet care products, a special message will be provided to increase awareness of the product among the customers. There are the marketing tools i.e. advertisement, direct marketing and public relations which will be used in this campaign. Advertising of products will be helpful in creating awareness of products among the customers. Public relations will be used to get the feedback about products from the customers so the product can be improved time to time by the company. It will also increase the trust of customers towards the products of Blackmore Limited. Direct marketing will also be helpful in getting the response of customers and in increasing the trust of people for the products (Vakratsas, Demetrios Ma, 2005). Media plan media strategy Online media The promotional tool for the campaigning of products should be online marketing. Reason of choosing online marketing is that in current time, online marketing is the most effective tool of marketing. Social media is very popular among the people and it covers almost half part of online marketing. So, the social media marketing will be used in this campaign. Social media includes Facebook, Youtube, and Twitter which will be used for online marketing. These social media channels provide most of the marketing facilities. These all are both paid and unpaid channels. It is assumed that 55% of market will be covered by Facebook, 25% by Google plus, 22% by youtube and 22% by Twitter (Kosner, 2014). Email marketing can also be used by the company. For the market increment, 1% market will be covered by the company. Proper use of these channels will be helpful to target new customers and retained existing customers. This is two way communication methods (Luttrell, 2016). Distribution of information on media These methods are very effective way of marketing but these are very expensive also. These methods refer to broadcasting the advertisements of the products on those channels which are famous in the market. This method is also very helpful to reach of the people. Along with this, putting hoardings on the busiest roads will be helpful. This is one sided communication method (Lake, 2016). Events There will be different events take place where customer executive will directly talk with the people. These events will be organized in the malls and crowded places by the company. These events will be helpful in identifying the needs and requirements of the customers and their attitudes towards the products. This is a both side of communication way which attract the customers most effectively (Daoud, 2016). Budget The budget for the campaign is described below: For social media marketing Campaign: Facebook $ 6,000 Google Plus $2,000 YouTube $2,000 Twitter $2,500 Total social media campaign $12,500 Email marketing $1,000 Google Ad $850 SEO marketing $2,500 Other online campaign $2,000 Total required budget for online marketing $18,850 Broadcasting on channels Hoardings $70,000 TV channels $100,000 Total budget $170,000 Events Budget for events $100,000 Other events $30,000 Total budget $130,000 Total budget for full campaign is required $318,500 Evaluation and conclusion Evaluation of the campaign can be done in parts, before the campaign, at the time of campaign process and after the campaign. The first evaluation includes testing of concepts. This gives the rough idea of campaign and will ensure that the idea of campaign is right or not. In the concept testing, IMC campaign will be run in some markets by the company and the responses of the customers will be observed. This evaluation will be take place before the campaign. During the campaign, the concurrent testing will be take place. In this testing, the performance of the campaign and message given in the campaign will be observed. After the campaign, evaluate testing will be take place. In this testing, the result of campaigned will be observed. By this testing, it will be observed that the campaign is successful to achieve the objective or not. The success or failure of IMC program is evaluated by this method (Kerr Patti, 2002). To sum up, from the above discussion, it has been observed that the company Blackmore Limited is the leading company of Australia which manufactures the vitamin and dietary supplements. These products can be taken as the medicines to fulfill the requirements of the vitamin in the body. It has been observed that the popularity of the company is decreasing because of improper marketing and communication strategy. So, it is very necessary to develop an integrated marketing communication plan which will be helpful for the company to retain the market position. The IMC plan includes the online marketing, channel broadcasting, events and hoardings. These processes will help the company to increase awareness of products and services among the customers. Thus, this campaign will helpful for Blackmore to gain its objectives. References Blackmore, (2013), Blackmores Limited Presentation to Goldman Sachs Emerging Companies Conference 15 May 2013, accessed on 5th October 2016 from file:///C:/Users/Guest/Downloads/analystbriefing.pdf Daoud, H., (2016), 8 Essential Elements of a Social Media Marketing Strategy, accessed on 5th October 2016 from https://www.socialmediaexaminer.com/essential-elements-social-media-marketing-strategy/ Duncan, T. Moriarty, S., (1997), Driving Brand Value: Using Integrated Marketing to Manage Profitable Stakeholder Relationships, New York: McGraw-Hill Epstein, M. J. Yuthas, K., (2007), Evaluating the Effectiveness of Internet Marketing Initiatives, accessed on 5th October 2016 from https://www.cimaglobal.com/Documents/ImportedDocuments/Tech_MAG_Evaluating_Internet_Marketing_April06.pdf Ibis world, (2016), Blackmores Limited - Profile Company Report Australia, accessed on 5th October 2016 from https://www.ibisworld.com.au/enterprisefull/segments.aspx?entid=1165 Kerr Patti, (2002), Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC): Where to from here, accessed on 5th October 2016 from https://www.anzmac.org/conference_archive/2002/papers/pdfs/p296_kerr.pdf Kosner, A., (2014), Watch Out Facebook, With Google+ at #2 and YouTube at #3, Google, Inc. Could Catch Up, accessed on 5th October 2016 from https://www.forbes.com/sites/anthonykosner/2013/01/26/watch-out-facebook-with-google-at-2-and-youtube-at-3-google-inc-could-catch-up/#5098e0e043e2 Kotler, P., Keller, K. L., (2005), Marketing Management (12th), New York: Prentice Hall Lake, (2016), What Is a Media Strategy and How Do You Create One, accessed on 5th October 2016 from https://www.thebalance.com/what-is-a-media-strategy-and-how-do-you-create-your-own-2295517 Luttrell, R., (2016), Social Media: How to Engage, Share, and Connect, Rowman Littlefield Retail World (2011),Annual Report 2011, retail worldVol. 64 23(4) pp. 81-82 Retail World (2014),Annual Report 2012, retail worldVol. 65 23(4) pp. 81-82 Stolk, D., (n.d.), IMC PLAN, accessed on 5th October 2016 from https://www.danielastolk.com/pdf/hola.pdf Sullivan, A. (2012), Blackmore Alive! Trade Presenter, accessed on 5th October 2016 from https://issuu.com/alice.sullivan/docs/blackmores_alive__trade_presenter Vakratsas, Demetrios Ma, Z., (2005) A Look at the Long-run Effectiveness of Multimedia Advertising and Its Implications for Budget Allocation Decisions: Journal of Advertising Research, 45 (2), pp. 24154.